The state's most significant festival, a celebration of devotion to the Sun God, which is a major part of the region's Hindu identity.
Spiritual Significance of Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is one of the most sacred and significant festivals of Bihar, dedicated to the worship of the Sun God (Surya) and Chhathi Maiya. It symbolizes devotion, gratitude, and purity, reflecting the deep spiritual faith of the people. The festival honors nature and cosmic energy, emphasizing harmony between humans and the environment. Celebrated twice a year—in summer and winter—it highlights Bihar’s agricultural and solar traditions. Devotees observe fasting, prayers, and rituals along riverbanks and ponds, maintaining age-old customs passed down through generations. More than a festival, Chhath Puja is a spiritual journey that strengthens faith, devotion, and cultural heritage.
Rituals and Celebrations of Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is celebrated through a series of sacred rituals spread over four days, marked by devotion, discipline, and purity. Devotees observe a strict fast without water, known as Nirjala vrat, and make offerings (arghya) to the rising and setting sun. The rituals include holy bathing, preparing prasad, and worshipping at rivers, ponds, or other water bodies, symbolizing gratitude to the Sun God for sustaining life. Families and communities come together during this time, performing rituals in unity and devotion. The air is filled with devotional songs and hymns, enhancing the festival’s spiritual aura. Women in traditional attire carry decorated baskets of offerings, making Chhath Puja not just a religious observance but also a vibrant cultural celebration of faith and togetherness.
Social and Cultural Impact of Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is a cornerstone of Bihar’s cultural and religious identity, symbolizing unity, discipline, and shared spirituality. The festival preserves ancient traditions and reinforces community bonds as families and neighbors come together in devotion. It serves as a living connection to ancestral roots, reflecting deep respect for nature and cultural values. Economically, Chhath Puja supports local markets through the demand for offerings, decorations, traditional attire, and food items. It also attracts tourists and devotees from across India and beyond, highlighting Bihar’s spiritual and cultural richness. More than a festival, Chhath Puja is a powerful expression of faith, tradition, and harmony between humanity and nature.