Dr. Kuzhalmannam G. Ramakrishnan, a celebrated mridangam maestro from Kerala, holds the world record for the longest solo hand-drum performance-an extraordinary marathon recital lasting 501 continuous hours (over 21 days), conducted at the Rhythm Therapy Hall in Nandavanam Hospital, Ottapalam, Kerala, from 5 to 26 July 2009; this feat earned him dual Guinness World Records for both “Longest Solo Concert” and “Longest Marathon Hand-Drumming”, surpassing his earlier records of 36 hours (2004), 101 hours (2005), and 301 hours (2008).