Annie Besant, of Irish origin, was the first woman to become President of the Indian National Congress, presiding over the Calcutta session in 1917. She was among the few foreigners who made a lasting impact on India’s freedom movement. Born as Annie Wood in London on October 1, 1847, she married Frank Besant in 1867, with whom she had two children. They legally separated in 1873, after which Annie became deeply involved in Theosophy, a spiritual movement rooted in Hindu philosophy.

Annie first visited India in 1893 and later made it her permanent home. She actively joined the Indian freedom struggle and, in 1916, founded the Indian Home Rule League, advocating for self-rule. Her efforts helped stir political consciousness among Indians during the early 20th century. Annie Besant passed away in India on 20 September 1933, leaving behind a legacy of social reform, spiritual leadership, and political activism.