India’s geography presents a vivid mosaic of extremes, from the towering, snow-covered Himalayas in the north to the arid Thar Desert in the west and the lush rainforests of the northeast. Bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, India boasts a coastline that stretches over 7,500 kilometers. This varied terrain supports diverse ecosystems, rich biodiversity, and numerous distinct cultural traditions across its expanse. The fertile river deltas and mountain-fed plains nourish some of the world’s most populated regions.

The country is home to one of the highest mountain peaks, Kanchenjunga, and also hosts Drass, the second coldest inhabited place on Earth. Simultaneously, parts of Rajasthan witness scorching summer temperatures exceeding 50°C. India's natural diversity, from coastal wetlands and river basins to forested hills and high-altitude deserts, shapes everything from agriculture to daily life. This geographical richness reflects India’s incredible environmental and cultural tapestry.