Sawai Jai Singh II was a visionary Rajput ruler, scientist, and city planner best known for founding the city of Jaipur in 1727 — India’s first planned city based on Vedic architecture and astronomy. Born in 1688, he became the ruler of Amber (near present-day Jaipur) at the young age of 11 and was given the title “Sawai” (meaning "one and a quarter") by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, acknowledging his intelligence and capability beyond his years.